| 506 | 1 | 99 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
《海南自由贸易港建设总体方案》试点开放第七航权，但如何实施开放第七航权的体制机制尚未形成。航空自由的变迁规律决定了国际航权开放具有自由化特质、主要以航空运输双边协定的模式展开以及若干航空运输大国主导的特点。国际航权开放主要包括美国的积极推动和主导、欧盟的谨慎融入以及亚太区域的积极跟进。然而，国际航权自由化面临着国际航权开放融入多边体制步履维艰和全面惠及各国的国际航权自由化的多边体制尚未形成的困境。在建设海南自由贸易港背景下，中国应该通过凝练成熟的谈判范本以确立中国主导国际航权开放双边体制的主导地位，以试点开放第七航权为基础和原点推动国际航权开放的区域性多边体制，以及以《海南自由贸易港法》为法律基础细化国际航权开放的制度设计和实施。
Abstract：The Overall Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port has made it clear to support trial implementation of the seventh freedom of the air, and the concrete system and mechanism for its implementation haven't yet been established though. The changing law of international air traffic freedom determines that the implementation of freedom of the air has the characteristics of liberalization, is mainly implemented in the mode of bilateral air transport agreements, and features the dominance of some major air transport powers. The implementation of freedom of the air is mainly promoted and led by the United States, prudently joined by the European Union and actively followed up by countries in the Asia Pacific region. However, the liberalization of freedom of the air faces the dilemmas that the implementation of freedom of the air has difficulty in its integration into the multilateral system, and its multilateral system benefiting all the countries has not yet been formed. Under the strategic background of building Hainan Free Trade Port, China is expected to establish its leading position in the bilateral system of the implementation of freedom of the air through compacting the mature template for negotiation. Further, the pilot implementation of the seventh freedom of the air in the overall plan should be exploited as the basis and origin to promote the regional multilateral system of implementation of freedom of the air. Meantime, Hainan Free Trade Port Law of the People's Republic of China should be treated as the legal basis to refine the design and implementation of system for freedoms of the air.
[1] LOWENFELD A F,BURGER J M. Aviation law:cases and materials[M]. 2nd ed.New York:M. Bender,1981:56.
[2] DIEDERIKS-VERSCHOOR I H P. An introduction to air law[M]. 7th ed. Alphen aan den Rijn:Kluwer Law International,2001:112.
[3] CHENG B. The law on the international air transport[M].London:Stevens, 1962:323.
[4] BAUMOL W J. Contestable markets:an uprising in the theory of industry structure[J]. American economic review, 1982, 72(1):1-15.
[5]赵维田.国际航空法[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000:121.
[6] EBDON R. A consideration of GATS and of its compatibility with the existing regime for air transport[J]. Air and space law, 1995,20(2):71-75.
[7] DE LEON P M. Cabotage in air transport regulation[M].Leiden:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1992:233.
[8]李家祥.中国民航人要为建设民航强国而努力奋斗[J].中国民用航空,2010(3):12-20.
[9] DOBSON A P. Peaceful air warfare:the United States, Britain, and the politics of international aviation[M]. Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1991:162.
[10] DOGANIS R. The airlines business[M]. 2nd ed. Abingdon:Routledge, 2006:27.
[11] WASSENBERGH H. Towards global economic regulation of international air transportation through interregional bilateralism[J]. Annals of air and space law, 2001,26(1):237-276.
[12] CHRISTIDIS P. Four shades of open skies:European Union and four main external partners[J]. Journal of transport geography,2016, 50(1):105-114.
[13] VON DEN STEINEN E. National interest and international aviation[J]. Air and space law, 2007, 32(4/5):418-420.
[14] LARSEN P B,SWEENEY J C, GILLICK J E. Aviation law, cases, laws and related sources[M]. Ardsley:Transnational Publishers,2006:37.
[15] LU A C J. International airline alliance:EC competition law/US antitrust law and international air transport[M].Alphen aan den Rijn:Kluwer Law International, 2003.
[16] BLASKOVA M. Towards to liberalisation measuring in air transport[J]. Transport problems, 2014, 9(2):35-39.
[17] HAVEL B F. Beyond open skies:a new regime for international aviation[M]. Alphen aan den Rijn:Kluwer Law International,2009:273.
[18] DEMPSEY P S. Carving the world into fiefdoms:the anticompetitive future of international aviation[J]. Annals of air and space law, 2002, 27(1):247-305.
[19] HAANAPPEL P P C. Bilateral air transport agreements:1913—1980[J]. International trade law journal, 1980, 5(2):241-267.
[20] HAVEL B F. A substantive and procedural critique of the US open skies policy[M]//DE LEON P M. From lowlands to high skies:a multilevel jurisdictional approach towards air law. Leiden:Brill Nijhoff, 2013:1-19.
[21] BOGOSIAN R W. Aviation negotiations and the U.S. model agreement[J]. Journal of air law and commerce, 1981,46(4):1007-1037.
[22] MAJID A A. Impact of current US policy on international civil aviation[J]. ZLW, 1983, 32(4):295-325.
[23] SCHAFFER G, LACHTER S H. Developments in United States international air transportation policy[J]. Lawyer of the Americas,1980, 12(3):585-597.
[24] HEDLUND D C. Toward open skies:liberalizing trade in international airline services[J]. Minnesota journal of global trade,1994, 3(2):259-299.
[25] BARTLIK M. Impact of EU Law on the regulation of international air transportation[M].Burlington:Ashgate Publishing Company,2007:48.
[26]张焱.欧洲的“天空开放”：航权交换区域合作模式的新发展[J].华东政法大学学报,2017,20(3):132-138.
[27] HAVEL B F,SANCHEZ G S.The emerging lex aviatica[J]. Georgetown journal of international law, 2011,42(3):639-672.
[28]周亚光.美国航空运输协定的模式演进及我国的借鉴[J].法商研究,2017,34(4):165-172.
[29]赵劲松.机遇和变革芝加哥公约未来可期[N].中国民航报,2014-12-08(03).
[30] DOLAN S. Reform of air cargo transport regulation through the WTO and GATS[J]. Transportation law journal, 2002, 29(2):189-234.
[31]张世良.WTO航空立法研究[M].北京:中国民航出版社,2006:168.
[32] BALASJBRAMANIAM U. Market access and the GATS air transport annexure:possible approaches for India[J] Journal of air law and commerce, 2007, 72(1):45-63.
[33]李国安.WTO服务贸易多边规则[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006:345.
[34] HAVEL B F, SANCHEZ G S. Do we need a new Chicago convention[J]. Issues in aviation law and policy, 2011, 11(1):7-22.
[35] ZHANG A, ZHANG Y, Issues on liberalization of air cargo services in international aviation[J]. Journal of air transport management,2002,8(5):275-287.
[36] TAN A K J. The ASEAN multilateral agreement on air services:en route to open skies?[J]. Journal of air transport management,2010, 16(6):289-294.
[37] MENCIK VON ZEBINSKY A A. European Union external competence and external relations in air transport[M].Alphen aan den Rijn:Kluwer Law International, 1996:60.
[38]郑兴无.航权开放与海南自贸港建设[N].中国民航报, 2020-06-18(01).
[39]尤怀墨.开放第七航权释放海南发展新动能[N].中国民航报,2020-06-17(01).
[40]朱诺.我国国际航权利用情况及未来政策建议[J].空运商务,2019(11):37-41.
[41] ISMAILA D A, WARNOCK-SMITH D, HUBBARD N. The impact of air service agreement liberalisation:the case of Nigeria[J].Journal of air transport management, 2014, 37(4):69-75.
[42] STAPLETON D M, PANDE V. Enhancing competitiveness and connectivity:The new US-Mexico air services agreement[J].Journal of transportation management, 2015, 26(1):7-18.
[43] GRANT T D. An end to divide and conquer-EU may move toward more united approach in negotiating open skies agreements with USA[J].Journal of air law and commerce, 2002, 67(4):1057-1070.
[44]邹建军.打造航权开放政策高地,助力海南自由贸易港建设[N].中国民航报,2020-06-15(01).
[45]刘水林,吉星.海南自由贸易港法的观念转化和制度创新——以监管为切入点[J].海南大学学报(人文社会科学版),2021,39(2):46-54.
[46]中国民航管理干部学院国际航权分配与使用管理研究课题组.适度引入竞争促进我国国际航空市场健康发展[N].中国民航报,2017-06-29(01).
[47]张牧君.海南自由贸易港建设的目标、挑战及立法应对[J].东南学术,2021(2):69-78.
(1)参见《海南自由贸易港建设总体方案》“分步骤分阶段安排”。
(1) See Regulation(EEC) No..2411/92 of 23 July 1992,OJ1992L 240/19.
(1)相关航空市场的研究分析具体可参见朱诺.我国国际航权利用情况及未来政策建议[J].空运商务，2019(11):37-41。
(1)参见中国民航局印发《海南自由贸易港试点开放第七航权实施方案》。
(1) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Determination,Applications for Authorisation Lodged by Qantas Airways Limited and China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited in Respect of a Joint Coordination Agreement Authorisation Numbers:A91470 and A91471.
(2)参见《中华人民共和国海南自由贸易港法》第43条。
基本信息:
DOI：10.15886/j.cnki.hnus.202206.0239
中图分类号:D922.29;D993.4
引用信息:
[1]马得懿.国际航权自由化的困境及其纾解[J].海南大学学报(人文社会科学版),2024,42(05):22-32.DOI:10.15886/j.cnki.hnus.202206.0239.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目（18ZDA155）
2022-06-17
2022
2023-05-02
2023-05-04
2023
1
2023-05-05
2023-05-05
2023-05-05