海南大学学报(社会科学版)

国际司法专案法官制度可以追溯至常设国际法院时代，其创设初衷是保障当事方的地位平等。专案法官制度的内容主要体现在《国际法院规约》第31条，《国际法院规则》第7、8条，《国际海洋法法庭规约》第2、8、11、17、36条，《国际海洋法法庭规则》第19、22、41条。这项历经百年的制度饱受争议，支持续存的理由主要包括内在价值高、传承时间久和存在范围广，主张废止的理由主要包含违反普遍原则、掺入国家因素和欠缺现实功效。通过多维思辨，国际社会未来更适合选择宜留不宜废、宜变不宜固、宜严不宜宽的方案。

The institution of judges ad hoc at the International Court of Justice can be traced back to the times of the Permanent Court of International Justice, which was created to originally guarantee the equality of the parties. The institution of judges ad hoc is mainly reflected in Article 31 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, Articles 7 and 8 of the Rules of the International Court of Justice, Articles 2, 8, 11, 17 and 36 of the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and Articles 19, 22 and 41 of the Rules of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. This century-old institution is highly controversial. The reasons for its continuation include the high intrinsic value, the long inheritance time and the wide range of existence while the reasons for its abolishment mainly include the violation of general principles, incorporation of national factors and lack of practical efficacy. It is more appropriate for the international community to choose a solution that should make this institution kept rather than abandoned, changed rather than fixed, and tightened rather than relaxed in the future.