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我国光伏产业是科技创新和产业发展领域的一张“中国名片”，在国家碳减排工作推动下蓬勃发展，但面临“两头在外”困境、产业链之间供需错配、产业政策对产业链发展影响不明等问题。提升光伏产业现代化水平需要考虑产业政策的影响，提高产业链的创新效率与全要素生产率是推动产业进步的关键。本研究旨在分析政策补贴对光伏产业链现代化发展的作用机制，对应产业政策的初期、调整、退坡三个发展阶段将产业链23个环节分为产业链上、中、下游，运用数据包络分析（DEA）测算99家企业创新效率；运用Olley-Pakes估计法（OP法）测算144家企业全要素生产率。结果显示：光伏全产业链总体创新效率不断提升，中下游增速高于上游；产业链总体全要素生产率稳步上升，中下游变化趋势比上游稳定；产业政策的调整有助于提升产业链创新效率和全要素生产率。
Abstract：China's photovoltaic(PV) industry is a "Chinese business card" in the field of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, which is vigorously developing under the promotion of national carbon emission reduction, but faces problems such as the dilemma of "two ends outside", the mismatch of supply and demand among the industrial chains, and the unclear impact of industrial policies on the development of the industrial chain. Improving the modernization level of the PV industry needs to consider the impact of industrial policies, and improving the innovation efficiency and total factor productivity of the industrial chain is the key to promoting the industrial progress. Analyzing the working mechanism of policy subsidies on the modernization and development of the PV industry chain, this study divides the 23 links of the industrial chain into the upstream, the middle stream and the downstream that correspond to the primary, adjustment and the decline stages of the industrial policy, and adopts the data envelopment analysis(DEA) to measure the innovation efficiencies of 99 enterprises. The Olley-Pakes estimation method(OP method) is used to measure the total factor productivities of 144 firms. The results show that the overall innovation efficiency of the whole photovoltaic industry chain continues to improve, and the growth rates of the middle and downstream are higher than that of the upstream.The overall total factor productivity of the industrial chain has steadily increased, and the change trend in the middle and downstream are more stable than that in the upstream. The adjustment of industrial policies is conducive to improving the innovation efficiency of the industrial chain and the total factor productivity.
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(1) 2009年7月，财政部、科技部、国家能源局联合发布了《关于实施金太阳示范工程的通知》，采取财政补助方式支持不低于500兆瓦的光伏发电示范项目。
基本信息:
DOI：10.15886/j.cnki.hnus.202301.0198
中图分类号:F426.61
引用信息:
[1]杨洋,裴童心,李晓晖,等.产业政策对光伏产业链现代化发展的影响分析——基于创新效率和全要素生产率的视角[J].海南大学学报(人文社会科学版),2024,42(06):53-63.DOI:10.15886/j.cnki.hnus.202301.0198.
基金信息:
北京市社会科学基金重点项目（19YJA001）; 国家社会科学基金一般项目（22BGL110）
2023-07-06
2023-07-06
2023-07-06