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中国在南海地区南沙群岛海域的岛礁建设活动所产生的环境影响引起了国际社会的广泛关注。《联合国海洋法公约》中并没有对岛礁建设活动的环境要求作出具体规定,却对各国施加了保护和保全海洋环境的一般性义务、合作以及环境影响评价的义务。由于公约本身的局限性,导致中国在南沙岛礁建设中的海洋环境保护和保全的一般义务具有不确定性。因此,论题将从国际法角度研判和解读中国在南海的岛礁建设活动是否符合相关的国际环境保护的规定、需要承担何种海洋环境保护和保全的义务,为中国在南海岛礁建设活动的顺利开展和完善提供坚实的理论基础。
Abstract：Widespread international attention has been caused by environmental impact resulting from China's construction activities on the islands and reefs in the waters of Nansha Islands. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,though not making specific stipulations on environmental requirements for the construction activities of islands and reefs,stipulates a general obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment as well as a duty of cooperation and evaluation for environmental impact. The limitation of the convention itself leads to the uncertainty in China's general obligations for marine environmental protection and preservation in the construction of Nansha islands and reefs. From the perspective of international law,this paper analyzes and interprets whether China's construction activities on the islands and reefs of the South China Sea meet the relevant regulations of international environmental protection as well as what obligations of marine environmental protection and preservation should be taken by China,providing the solid theoretical foundations for China to smoothly carry out and perfect the construction on the islands and reefs of the South China Sea.
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(1)“绞吸式挖泥船”是利用转动着的绞刀绞松河底或海底的土壤,与水泥混合成泥浆。绞刀钻头的旋转齿像在海底或礁石上凿出的齿印,使土壤、岩石和礁石断裂并进行提取,经过吸泥管吸入泵体并经过排泥管送至排泥区。这种原料可从船尾输送到几公里外的填海区域,然后沉积到岛礁上形成陆地。
(2)中国台湾地区实际控制着太平岛,岛上有驻军和机场。
(2)国家海洋局与2015年发布了《南沙岛礁扩建工程未对珊瑚礁生态系统造成影响》和《南沙岛礁扩建工程不会对海洋生态环境造成破坏》的报告。
基本信息:
DOI：10.15886/j.cnki.hnus.2017.02.005
中图分类号:D993.5
引用信息:
[1]蒋小翼.南海岛礁建设的国际环境法律义务解析[J].海南大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017,35(02):36-42.DOI:10.15886/j.cnki.hnus.2017.02.005.
基金信息:
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(16JZD029)