| 1,557 | 11 | 179 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
以新冠肺炎为例研究突发公共卫生事件不同阶段公众应对行为产生机制并提出针对性引导策略，对于突发公共卫生事件的应急管理具有重要意义。采集疫情期间热点微博及其评论文本，借助Python初步处理数据，利用扎根方法对数据进行开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码。研究发现，在突发公共卫生事件初、中、后期三个阶段，公众行为主要呈现出“风险规避—风险应对与群际行为—前景判断决策”的规律，各阶段的引导侧重点应落在“信息沟通—风险控制与群际协作关系构建—积极前景唤起”。疫情初期，公众接收信息后形成风险认知，采取风险规避行为，引导公众理智规避风险的基础是准确的风险预警和真实信息的高效传递；疫情中期，公众启动风险-群际的双信息处理路径，此时，多元主体紧密协作，科学控制疫情有助于正面引导公众应对行为；疫情后期，公众基于未来展望态度选择对应行为，通过唤起个体未来生活信心可促进其积极行为的发生。
Abstract：In this paper, COVID-19 is taken as an example to study the generative mechanisms of public response behaviors in the different stages of public health emergency, along with the corresponding guidance strategies, which are of great significance to the emergency management of public health emergencies. With the hot news and comment texts collected from Weibo during the epidemic, this paper uses Python to process these data preliminarily and utilizes the grounded method to encode the obtained data, which includes open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The results show that in the early, middle and late stages of public health emergency, the public behaviors mainly present a low of risk aversion, risk response and intergroup behavior, and prospect judgment decision. Correspondingly, the focus of public behavior guidance in each stage lies on information communication, risk management and intergroup cooperation building, positive prospect arousing. Specifically, during the initial stage, the public acquired risk awareness after they received the risk information, then adopted the evasive response. The basis of guiding the public to avoid risks rationally lies in the accurate warning of risk and the efficient transmission of real information. In the middle stage of epidemic, the public initiated the dual information processing path of risk-intergroup. At this period, close cooperation between multiple subjects and controlling the epidemic risk scientifically are conducive to guiding the public behaviors positively.During the late stage, people chose the corresponding behaviors based on their attitudes towards future outlooks.Arousing individual's confidence in future life is an effective way to promote the occurrence of positive behaviors.
[1]国务院.突发公共卫生事件应急条例[S].中华人民共和国国务院令第376号, 2003.
[2]杜泽,张晓杰.循证治理视域下突发公共卫生事件的网络舆情治理研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2020,43(05):17-23.
[3]习近平.在统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作部署会议上的讲话[N].人民日报, 2020-02-24.
[4]欧阳桃花,郑舒文,程杨.构建重大突发公共卫生事件治理体系:基于中国情景的案例研究[J].管理世界, 2020,36(08):19-32.
[5]李华强,范春梅,贾建民,等.突发性灾害中的公众风险感知与应急管理——以5·12汶川地震为例[J].管理世界, 2009(06):52-60.
[6] SCHLEF K E, KABORE L, KARAMBIRI H, et al. Relating perceptions of flood risk and coping ability to mitigation behavior in WestAfrica:case study of Burkina Faso[J]. Environmental science&policy, 2018, 89:254-265.
[7]范春梅,叶登楠,李华强.产品伤害危机中消费者应对行为的形成机制研究——基于PADM理论视角的扎根分析[J].管理评论, 2019,31(08):230-239.
[8]张海汝,全冬梅,栾贞增.网购情境下用户隐私威胁应对悖论研究——基于应对行为理论视角[J].情报杂志, 2019,38(12):141-148.
[9]徐戈,冯项楠,李宜威,等.雾霾感知风险与公众应对行为的实证分析[J].管理科学学报, 2017,20(09):1-14.
[10]王俊秀,应小萍.认知、情绪与行动:疫情应急响应下的社会心态[J].探索与争鸣, 2020(04):232-243.
[11] BRANDEN B. Experience with urban air pollution in Paterson, New Jersey and implications for air pollution communication[J].Risk analysis, 2012,32(1):39-53.
[12]徐戈,李宜威.空气质量对公众感知风险与应对意愿的影响研究[J].系统工程理论与实践, 2020,40(01):93-102.
[13]陈建安,黄敏,邓海生.认知反应理论视角下领导幽默触发下属积极情绪的跨层研究[J].管理学报, 2021,18(01):60-68.
[14] TAMRES L K, JANICKI D, HELGESON V S. Sex differences in coping behavior:a meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping[J]. Personality and social psychology review,2002,6(1):2-30.
[15]曾子明,黄城莺.面向疫情管控的公共卫生突发事件情报体系研究[J].情报杂志,2017,36(10):79-84.
[16]刘忠宝,秦权,赵文娟.微博环境下新冠肺炎疫情事件对网民情绪的影响分析[J].情报杂志, 2021,40(02):138-145.
[17]江亚洲,郁建兴.重大公共卫生危机治理中的政策工具组合运用—基于中央层面新冠疫情防控政策的文本分析[J].公共管理学报, 2020,17(04):1-9.
[18]安璐,杜廷尧,李纲,等.突发公共卫生事件利益相关者在社交媒体中的关注点及演化模式[J].情报学报, 2018,37(04):394-405.
[19]苏斌原,叶苑秀,张卫,等.新冠肺炎疫情不同时间进程下民众的心理应激反应特征[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2020(03):79-94.
[20] KEIKO Y, YOSHITAKE T, MITSUHIRO M, et al. Role of focusing on the positive side during COVID-19 outbreak:mental health perspective from positive psychology[J]. Psychological trauma:theory, research, practice and policy, 2020,12(S1):S49-S50.
[21] SCHNEIDER C R, DRYHURST S, KERR J, et al. COVID-19 risk perception:a longitudinal analysis of its predictors and associations with health protective behaviours in the United Kingdom[J]. Journal of risk research, 2021,24(3):294-313.
[22]伯内德.风险感知研究:导论[M].张虎彪,(译).北京:北京出版社, 2007:11-12.
[23] EMERY R L, JOHNSON S T, SIMONE M, et al. Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, mood, and substance use among young adults in the greater Minneapolis-St. Paul area:Findings from Project EAT[J]. Social science&medicine, 2021,276:1-9.
[24]甄瑞,周宵.新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下普通民众焦虑的影响因素研究[J].应用心理学, 2020,26(02):99-107.
[25]王馨悦,刘畅.重大突发公共卫生事件中公众信息搜寻行为影响因素探究[J].图书情报工作, 2020,64(21):77-89.
[26]章燕,邱凌峰,刘安琪,等.公共卫生事件中的风险感知和风险传播模型研究—兼论疫情严重程度的调节作用[J].新闻大学, 2020(03):31-45.
[27]王欣,肖春曲,朱虹.新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间民众恐慌情绪对其应对方式的影响[J].中国健康心理学杂志, 2021,29(10):1445-1449.
[28]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动[N].人民日报, 2020-06-08(010).
[29]成俊会,李梅.全过程视角下基于扎根理论的微博舆情传播行为参与机制研究[J].情报杂志, 2020,39(07):114-118.
[30]邹霞.风险信号视野下媒体的放大效应及其规避—对“澎湃新闻”山东非法疫苗报道的信号分析[J].情报杂志, 2020,39(07):108-113.
[31]朱正威,王琼,吕书鹏.多元主体风险感知与社会冲突差异性研究——基于Z核电项目的实证考察[J].公共管理学报,2016,13(02):97-106.
[32]闫岩,温婧.新冠疫情早期的媒介使用、风险感知与个体行为[J].新闻界,2020(06):50-61.
[33]钱海婷.突发事件中公众风险认知的理论模型述评[J].情报杂志, 2015,34(05):141-145.
[34]周敏,林苗.风险感知与自我效能的正和博弈—基于ELM模型的健康类信息搜索行为影响因素研究[J].新闻大学, 2020(09):38-55.
[35]马惠霞,宋英杰,刘瑞凝,等.情绪的动机维度对趋避行为的影响[J].心理科学, 2016,39(05):1026-1032.
[36]孙翊锋.公共安全风险防范中的个体行为逻辑——基于前景理论的视角[J].中南大学学报(社会科学版), 2020,26(04):139-149.
[37] DIFONZO N. Ferreting facts or fashioning fallacies? Factors in rumor accuracy[J]. Social and personality psychology compass,2010, 4(11):1124-1137.
[38]张志安,冉桢.“风险的社会放大”视角下危机事件的风险沟通研究——以新冠疫情中的政府新闻发布为例[J].新闻界,2020(06):12-19.
[39]胡伟,王琼,陈慧玲,等.突发公共卫生事件中公众风险认知和无意/有意传谣行为的关系:负性情绪的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志, 2020,28(04):734-738.
[40]张艳丰,王羽西.突发公共卫生事件下社交媒体用户健康信息焦虑生成机理及管理策略研究[J].情报资料工作, 2021,42(04):89-95.
[41]徐戈,冯项楠,李宜威,等.雾霾感知风险与公众应对行为的实证分析[J].管理科学学报, 2017,20(09):1-14.
[42] FISKE S T, XU J, CUDDY A C, et al.(Dis)Respecting versus(dis)liking:Status and interdependence predict ambivalent stereotypes of competence and warmth[J]. Journal of social issues,1999,55(3):473-489.
[43]邹吉林,张小聪,张环,等.超越效价和唤醒——情绪的动机维度模型述评[J].心理科学进展, 2011,19(09):1339-1346.
[44]裘江南,葛一迪.社交媒体情绪对信息行为的影响:基于两类灾害事件的比较研究[J].管理科学, 2020,33(01):3-15.
[45]韩大元.后疫情时代:重塑社会正义[J].中国法律评论, 2020(05):43-56.
[46]傅强,段锦云,田晓明.员工建言行为的情绪机制:一个新的探索视角[J].心理科学进展, 2012,20(02):274-282.
[47]冯德正,亓玉杰.态度意义的多模态建构——基于认知评价理论的分析模式[J].现代外语, 2014,37(05):585-596.
[48]王大海,姚唐,姚飞.买还是不买——矛盾态度视角下的生态产品购买意向研究[J].南开管理评论, 2015,18(02):136-146.
[49]陈俊,贺晓玲,张积家.反事实思维两大理论:范例说和目标-指向说[J].心理科学进展, 2007,15(3):416-422.
基本信息:
DOI：10.15886/j.cnki.hnus.202110.1803
中图分类号:D63;C912.63;R-05
引用信息:
[1]成俊会,李梅.突发公共卫生事件不同阶段中公众应对行为生成机制与引导策略研究[J],2023,41(03):199-208.DOI:10.15886/j.cnki.hnus.202110.1803.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(71661005);; 海南省自然科学基金项目(717067)
2021-10-18
2021
2022-04-06
2022
2