海南大学学报(社会科学版)

孟德斯鸠在《论法的精神》中不仅探讨了共和政体、君主政体和专制政体等古典政体形式，还探讨了现代商业共和国这一新型政体形式。虽然历史上出现的所有政体类型都会具有一定程度上的商业活动，但现代商业共和国却以商业活动为根本特征。现代商业共和国首先是一种自由政体，这种政体在自由理念的指引下创设一种自由的制度，这就是用权力来制衡权力。其次，现代商业共和国将人的所有激情压缩为唯一的激情，这就是对利益的追求，而这种激情的释放或满足需要商业的力量。因此，现代商业共和国是一种以追求商业利益为动力机制，以政治上的权力制衡为根本保障的新型共和国，它的目标是同时兼顾商业和民主，实现经济利益、个体自由和安全的统一。

In The Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu not only explores such classical forms of government as republic,monarchy and autocracy, but also delves into a new type of government, the modern commercial republic.While all types of government in history involve some degree of commercial activities, the modern commercial republic is fundamentally characterized by its commercial activities. The modern commercial republic is primarily a liberal regime, which sets up a liberal institution under the guidance of liberal ideas to maintain the balance of power. Then, the modern commercial republic compresses all the human being's passions into a single passion, which is the pursuit of interests. The release or satisfaction of this passion requires the commercial power. Thus, the modern commercial republic is a new form of republic driven by the pursuit of commercial interests and fundamentally safeguarded by the balance of political power. Its goal is to balance commerce and democracy, and achieve a unity of economic interests, individual freedom and security.