海南大学学报(社会科学版)

海瑞是中国古代历史上直言进谏的典型人物,他的《治安疏》更是直言进谏的代表作。海瑞对嘉靖帝的"君道"之失进行了痛快淋漓的揭露和批判,对其崇道修玄进行批驳,对其以刑赏督责臣下进行批驳,吁请嘉靖帝翻然悔悟,与民更始。这样冒死进谏,需要有坚毅的心理品质和大无畏的勇敢精神,后人将其概括为"海瑞精神"。这种精神的形成,从微观的视角看,是海瑞母亲谢氏家教以及"严师"教育的成果;从中观的视角看,是明代海南文化氛围的影响;从宏观的视角看,是中国传统文化中优秀成分的积极影响。海瑞的《治安疏》及其直言进谏所体现出的海瑞精神,已经融入中国古代优秀文化传统中,成为中华文化的宝贵遗产,成为中华文明史中的精华,值得认真进行总结。

Hai Rui is a typical figure who speaks out against the wrongs in the Chinese history,particularly with his Suggestions on the Public Security as the representative work. Suggestions on the Public Security,known as"the first proposal that speaks out against the wrongs about the social affairs",was put forward in February,the45th year of Jiading Period. Hai Rui,while directly disclosing and criticizing the errors made by Emperor Jiading in his "monarchial governance",his worship for Taoism,and his supervision for his officials with punishment,appealed to Emperor Jiading for his sincere repentance so as to be together with the common. Such proposal at the risk of his life requires the strong mental quality and fearless courage,which is praised as"the spirit of Hai Rui"by the later generations. From a micro perspective the formation of this spirit is derived from the family teachings of Hai Rui's mother and the strict school education. From the intermediate perspective,it is also affected by the cultural phenomena in Hainan. From the macro perspective it is the positive impact of the prominent elements in the traditional Chinese culture. Hai Rui's Suggestions on the Public Security and his spirit reflected in his speaking out against the wrongs have been integrated into the prominent ancient Chinese cultural tradition,becoming the valuable heritage of the Chinese culture and the essence of the Chinese civilization history,which are worth the serious summary.