海南大学学报(社会科学版)

长老制是俄罗斯东正教传统的核心之一。虽然,托尔斯泰的宗教思想与俄罗斯东正教传统思想存在分歧。但是,托尔斯泰晚年的宗教思想却有了长老制思想的影子。文章从托尔斯泰与俄罗斯东正教长老的交往入手,结合他的日记和晚期文学作品,分析俄罗斯东正教长老制对托尔斯泰晚年宗教思想的影响:托尔斯泰同长老的交往改变了其对修行思想的看法;长老制顺从原则动摇了托尔斯泰理性信仰基督教思想;长老制中贞洁原则改变了托尔斯泰禁欲思想以及俄罗斯东正教长老制中神化理想对托尔斯泰"天国"理想的补充,最后指出托尔斯泰晚年受到长老制思想影响的原因。

The Presbyterianism is one of the cores in the tradition of Russian Orthodox. Though Tolstoy's religious views are divergent from that of Russian Orthodox,they in his later years contained the impact of Presbyterianism. Starting from Tolstoy's contact with the elders of Russian Orthodox,the paper,along with his diaries and later literary works,analyzes the influence of Russian Orthodox Presbyterianism on his religious ideas in his later years. Tolstoy's contact with the elders changed his views towards the self-cultivation. Presbyterianism,in principle,loosened his rational belief in Christianity. The chastity doctrine in Presbyterianism changed his idea of asceticism,and the divine idealism of Russian Orthodox Presbyterianism complemented his ideal of"Celestial Kingdom". Finally it points out the causes that Tolstoy was affected by Presbyterianism in his later years.